Explanation

Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration and occurs rapidly in gases, slowly in liquids, but is negligible in solids.

In solids, particles are tightly packed and cannot move freely, so diffusion does not occur significantly.

Explanation

A Vernier caliper provides precise linear measurements of small objects.

It can measure internal, external, and depth dimensions with high accuracy (usually up to 0.1 mm or 0.01 cm).

Explanation

Caves are mainly formed when water erodes soluble rocks like limestone over long periods.

This process is called chemical weathering.

It is leads to underground hollow spaces.

Explanation

Explanation

Stomata are tiny pores (usually on leaves) that allow gas exchange (CO₂ in for photosynthesis, O₂ out).

They also regulate water vapor release (transpiration).

Explanation

Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid (like sand) from a liquid (like water).

The sand stays on the filter paper, while the water passes through.

Explanation

The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14, with:

• 1-6 being acidic
• 7 being neutral (neither acidic nor basic)
• 8-14 being basic (alkaline)

Explanation

As we move down the alkali metal group, atomic size increases, making the outer electron easier to lose.

This leads to greater reactivity, especially for metals like potassium and cesium.

Explanation

The ozone layer absorbs and blocks the majority of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

This protection helps prevent skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to ecosystems.

Explanation

Water is actually a polar molecule, not non-polar.

Due to the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen.

Its polarity allows it to be a universal solvent, dissolving many substances.