Explanation

Heparin, due to its large molecular size, does not cross the placenta

Preferred anticoagulant:

This characteristic makes heparin the preferred anticoagulant for pregnant women at risk of blood clots. 

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH):

A form of heparin with smaller molecules is often preferred during pregnancy due to its more predictable dosing and reduced risk of bleeding complications. 

Explanation

 Heparin and Enoxaparin are both anticoagulants, but their doses and administration schedules differ.

Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and requires less frequent dosing compared to regular heparin.

Explanation

"salt" (high sodium intake) is considered a significant contributor to renal failure

High blood pressure link:

Excessive salt intake can contribute to high blood pressure, which puts stress on the kidneys and can lead to kidney damage. 

Proteinuria:

High salt intake can increase the amount of protein leaked into the urine (proteinuria), a sign of kidney dysfunction. 

Progression of kidney disease:

For people with existing kidney disease, a high salt diet can worsen their condition and accelerate the progression to renal failure. 

Explanation

Rifampin will cause urine, saliva, sputum, sweat, teeth, and tears to turn a reddish-orange to reddish-brown color.

This is to be expected while you are using this medicine.

This effect may also cause soft contact lenses to become permanently discolored

Explanation

Digoxin is contraindicated in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) 

It can worsen obstruction and lead to adverse outcomes

Explanation

 Haptoglobin levels are typically decreased because it binds to free hemoglobin released from damaged red blood cells, leading to its depletion in the blood. 

The function of haptoglobin:

Haptoglobin is a protein produced by the liver that primarily functions to bind free hemoglobin in the bloodstream, preventing its toxic effects. 

Explanation

Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors.

Therapeutic uses:

Used to treat conditions like hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, migraines, and hyperthyroidism. 

Side effects:

Due to its non-selective nature, potential side effects can include bronchospasm in individuals with asthma, fatigue, and cold extremities. 

Explanation

Unstable angina is treated with antiplatelet agents such as clopidogrel, along with other interventions like nitrates or heparin.

Explanation

Diazepam is a lipid-soluble drug, which allows it to cross the blood-brain barrier and have effects on the central nervous system.

Explanation

Lactic acidosis is a condition where there is an accumulation of lactic acid in the body.

It does not typically occur in respiratory failure, which involves impaired oxygen exchange.