Explanation

Punishment involves applying a consequence (like benching) to reduce an undesirable behavior (poor performance).

It is used to discourage repetition of that behavior in the future.

Explanation

Gold can be beaten into extremely thin sheets (just a few atoms thick), ideal for alpha particle passage.

This thinness allowed alpha particles to pass through with minimal obstruction, helping observe atomic structure.

Explanation

The sentence uses "by next year" — a future time marker, so Future Perfect Tense is correct.

"Will have learned" fits the structure: Subject + will have + past participle.

Explanation

Elements like Cr (24), Cu (29), and Mo (42) show irregular configurations due to extra stability of half-filled or fully filled d-orbitals.

Examples:

• Cr: [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹
• Cu: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
• Mo: [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹

Explanation

Freons (CFCs) and halons are stable in the troposphere but break down under UV light in the stratosphere.

This breakdown releases chlorine and bromine, which destroy ozone molecules in the ozone layer.

Explanation

Modern psychologists focus on the value of satisfaction as a motivator in the learning process.

Satisfaction enhances retention and engagement in learners.

Explanation

The true aim of education is holistic development — gaining practical skills, positive habits, and useful knowledge.

It focuses on preparing individuals for life, not just exams or jobs.

Explanation

Given reaction:

NO(g) + CO₂(g) ⇌ NO₂(g) + CO(g)

Initial moles:

NO = 4 mol

CO₂ = 0.9 mol

NO₂ = 0

CO = 0

At equilibrium:

CO₂ = 0.1 mol

→ So, change in CO₂ = 0.9 - 0.1 = 0.8 mol consumed

→ Therefore, 0.8 mol of NO also reacted

→ 0.8 mol each of NO₂ and CO formed

Equilibrium moles:

NO = 4 - 0.8 = 3.2 mol

CO₂ = 0.1 mol

NO₂ = 0.8 mol

CO = 0.8 mol

Equilibrium expression:

K = [NO2][CO]/[NO][CO2] = (0.8)(0.8)/(3.2)(0.1) = 0.64/0.32 = 0.2

Explanation

Aldol condensation requires at least one α-hydrogen (hydrogen on the carbon next to the carbonyl group).

Benzaldehyde and formaldehyde lack α-hydrogens, so they cannot undergo Aldol condensation.

Explanation

She directed us to keep quiet over there.

Imperative sentences in indirect speech use verbs like told, ordered, directed + to-infinitive.

"Here" changes to "there" in indirect speech.