Explanation

A goiter is the irregular growth of the thyroid gland.

Goiter means گلہڑ

Explanation

Contagious diseases (such as the flu, colds, or strep throat)

A contagious disease is an infectious disease that is readily spread (that is, communicated) by the transmission of a pathogen through contact

Explanation

Ethambutol is one of the drugs used to treat tuberculosis (TB), though it is bacteriostatic.

Rifampicin is a bactericidal drug and is widely used in TB treatment.

Explanation

• Human growth hormone (HGH) is used to treat growth hormone deficiency, which can cause dwarfism or short stature.
• HGH replacement therapy can help promote growth and development in children and adolescents with growth hormone deficiency.

Explanation

If the male is colorblind but the mother is normal then there is a 50% chance to reproduce the colorblind disease progeny and 50% other.

Colorblindness is an X-linked chromosome (criss-cross inheritance)

The man has XY chromosomes (1 X chromosome)

and female having XX chromosome (2 X chromosome). 

Explanation

Psoriasis, Vitiation & Eczema are skin-related diseases.

 Scurvy is caused due to deficiency of vitamin C.

Explanation

"salt" (high sodium intake) is considered a significant contributor to renal failure

High blood pressure link:

Excessive salt intake can contribute to high blood pressure, which puts stress on the kidneys and can lead to kidney damage. 

Proteinuria:

High salt intake can increase the amount of protein leaked into the urine (proteinuria), a sign of kidney dysfunction. 

Progression of kidney disease:

For people with existing kidney disease, a high salt diet can worsen their condition and accelerate the progression to renal failure. 

Explanation

• Cobalt-60 is used in radiotherapy to stop the growth of cancer cells.
  
• It emits gamma rays that target and destroy malignant cells in cancer treatment.

Explanation

• Nevirapine drug is given to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child
• ***
• Women should start HIV medicine before becoming pregnant to prevent HIV transmission to children.
• Nevirapine administered as a single dose each to the mother and child within 72 h
• after birth is used to prevent vertical transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• under the prevention of parent-to-child transmission of HIV program (PPTCT).
  

Explanation

• You should assume that all unresponsive trauma patients have a Spinal Injury
• ***
• Always assume all major trauma patients have an injured spine and maintain spinal immobilization until the spine is cleared.