Explanation

A verruca is a type of wart that commonly develops on the soles of the feet.

It is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and often appears on weight-bearing areas, such as the heel or ball of the foot.

Key characteristics of verrucas:

• Often flat due to pressure from walking

• May have a rough surface with tiny black dots (clotted blood vessels)

• Can be painful when walking

Explanation

Muscle weakness or imbalance

Poor balance or coordination (common in toddlers as they develop motor skills)

Neurological issues (in some cases, if persistent or worsening)

Inner ear problems affecting balance

Explanation

At age 3, children learn best through hands-on experiences, games, songs, and interactive activities.

This helps build their language, motor, and social skills naturally.

Explanation

Children who cannot eat gluten likely have coeliac disease (also spelled celiac), an autoimmune disorder where ingesting gluten damages the small intestine.

Gluten is a protein found in:

• Wheat

• Barley

• Rye

• Often in oats (due to contamination during processing, unless labeled gluten-free)

Explanation

When a child is injured — even slightly, such as with a graze — it’s important to inform the parents so they are aware of the incident and can monitor the injury or seek further medical treatment if necessary.

This:

• Ensures continuity of care between the setting and home

• Allows parents to watch for signs of infection or other complications

• Promotes transparency and trust between the setting and family

Explanation

At around 3 years old, children may feel anxious or insecure in a new environment like a home-based setting.

The most effective way to help them settle in is by providing emotional support through reassurance, comfort, and consistency.

This helps the child:

• Feel safe and secure

• Build trust with the practitioner

• Begin to explore and engage in the new environment confidently

Explanation

Climbing through hoops helps children develop their understanding of shape and space by requiring them to navigate their bodies through different shapes and spatial arrangements.

This type of physical activity builds spatial awareness, coordination, and the ability to judge sizes, distances, and positions.

Explanation

Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and sometimes oats (unless specially processed).

Children with gluten intolerance or celiac disease must avoid these foods to prevent digestive problems and other complications.

Explanation

Most children start learning to read and write in kindergarten or early primary school, usually between ages 4 and 6.

Before this, they develop pre-reading skills like recognizing letters and sounds.