Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

Quarks are the smallest known particles in the universe.

They are the building blocks of protons and neutrons, which make up atomic nuclei.

They were discovered in the 1960s. 

They are considered the most fundamental units of matter.

Explanation

Electrolysis, which uses electricity as a catalyst, is the process of separating water (H2O) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2).

When an electric current is passed through water, it causes the water molecules to split into their component gases.

Explanation

When a gas expands suddenly (an adiabatic expansion), it does work on the surroundings without any heat exchange.

As a result, the internal energy of the gas decreases, leading to a decrease in temperature.

Explanation

PbCl₂ (lead(II) chloride) is ionic.

Lead(II) chloride forms an ionic lattice structure with chloride ions,

while PbCl₄ is a covalent complex.

Explanation

The iodoform test is a chemical reaction used to identify the presence of a methyl ketone group (CH3-CO-) in a compound.

When a methyl ketone reacts with iodine and sodium hydroxide, it produces a yellow precipitate of iodoform.

This makes the iodoform test a reliable way to detect methyl ketones.

Explanation

The aromatization of n-heptane primarily yields toluene.

This process involves the dehydrogenation and cyclization of n-heptane, facilitated by catalysts like Cr2O3/Al2O3 at elevated temperatures, forming a benzene ring with a methyl substituent.

Explanation