Explanation

• High-speed electrons, such as those emitted in beta decay or used in electron microscopy, have wavelengths in the range of 10^-15 meters to 10^-12 meters.
• This is due to their high energy and momentum, which corresponds to a short wavelength according to the de Broglie hypothesis.

Explanation

• Phenylamine (aniline) is a crucial starting material for the production of many dyes, including acid dyes, basic dyes, and direct dyes.
• These dyes are used to color a wide range of materials, such as fabrics, leather, and paper.

Explanation

The molar mass of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) = 2(12.01) + 6(1.01) + 2(16.00) = 62.07 g/mol

Number of moles of ethylene glycol = 60 g / 62.07 g/mol ≈ 0.966 moles

Mass of water = 100 g - 60 g = 40 g

Now, we need to convert the mass of water to kilograms:

Mass of water = 40 g * (1 kg / 1000 g) = 0.04 kg

Now, we can calculate the molality:

Molality (m) = moles of solute / mass of solvent in kg

Molality = 0.966 moles / 0.04 kg ≈ 24.15 moles/kg.

Explanation

Temperature is a continuous variable as it does have fractional value too.

For example: Today's temperature is degree Celsius, here is not a discrete variable and hence is a continuous variable.

Explanation

• Neutralization is a chemical reaction where an acid and a base combine to form a neutral solution, neither acidic nor basic, with a pH of 7.
• This process is commonly seen in reactions between strong acids and strong bases, resulting in the formation of a salt and water.

Explanation

• A change in physical appearance or state of a substance, such as a change in shape, size, color, or phase (solid, liquid, gas), is called a Physical Change.
  

The are examples of Physical Changes:

• Melting (ice cream, wax, chocolate, ice and change from solid to liquid)
• Phase changes (boiling, freezing, condensation)
• Crushing (chalk)
• Tearing (paper)
• Crumpling (aluminium foil)
• Stretching (rubber band)
• Mixing (sugar in water)
• Dissolving (sugar, salt in water)
• Moulding (clay, metals)
• Slicing (fruit)
• Forming of frost (from water vapors)
• Transition to a gas (change from liquid to gas)
• Change of durability (change in texture or strength)
• Changes to crystal form (change in crystal structure)

Explanation

• Cobalt-60 is used in radiotherapy to stop the growth of cancer cells.
  
• It emits gamma rays that target and destroy malignant cells in cancer treatment.

Explanation

• Filtration is a process used to separate insoluble solids from a mixture by passing the mixture through a filter.
• Which traps the solids and allows the liquid to pass through.

Explanation

• As temperature increases, the heat energy of a substance also increases.
• This is because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, and as temperature increases, the particles gain kinetic energy and therefore heat energy.

Explanation

• Triethylamine (N(CH₂CH₃)₃) is a tertiary amine, which is a type of amine that has three organic groups attached to the nitrogen atom.
• In this case, the three ethyl groups (CH₂CH₃) are attached to the nitrogen atom.