Explanation

Torque and candela are indeed unrelated physical quantities.

Torque is a measure of the rotational force applied to an object

Measured in newton-meters (Nm) or foot-pounds (ft-lb)

While

Candela is a unit of luminous intensity

Measuring the brightness of light emitted in a particular direction

Explanation

The substance used to absorb carbon dioxide gas in combustion analysis is 50% KOH (potassium hydroxide)

50% KOH (potassium hydroxide):

Potassium hydroxide is used to absorb CO (_2) because it reacts with CO (_2) to form potassium carbonate (K(_2 )CO (_3) and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO (_3)).

This makes it an effective absorbent for CO(_2) in combustion analysis.

[ 2KOH + CO_2 rightarrow K_2CO_3 + H_2O ]

 [ KOH + CO_2 rightarrow KHCO_3 ]

Explanation

The addition of HBr to isobutylene follows Markovnikov's rule, which results in the formation of tert-butyl bromide as the major product.

Explanation

Cement does typically contain a small percentage of gypsum.

Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate, (CaSO4 ⋅ 2H2O) is added to cement primarily to regulate the setting time.

The percentage of gypsum in cement is usually around 2-5%.

It prevents the cement from setting too quickly by controlling the rate at which the cement hydrates and hardens. 

Explanation

The molality (m) of a solution is the moles of solute divided by the kilograms of solvent. A solution that contains 1.0mol of NaCl dissolved into 1.0kg of water is a "one-molal" solution of sodium chloride.

The symbol for molality is a lower-case m written in italics.

Explanation

Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins by hydrolyzing peptide bonds.

Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis reactions belong to the class of Hydrolases.

Explanation

Across the periods of the periodic table, the shielding effect remains relatively constant.

This is because the number of inner shell electrons, which are responsible for shielding, does not change as you move across a period. 

Explanation

• An atom is the smallest possible particle of an element that can combine to form new compounds.
• Atoms are the building blocks of matter, and they cannot be broken down into smaller particles.

Explanation

• The freezing point of water is 0°C (zero degrees Centigrade). 
• The boiling point of water is 100°C (one hundred degrees Centigrade).

Explanation

Relative atomic mass is measured by comparing an atom's mass to 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

Carbon-12 is the standard reference in modern atomic mass scale.