Explanation

 A vicinal diol (or vic-diol) has two hydroxyl groups (OH) attached to adjacent carbon atoms.

Trimethylene glycol has the chemical formula HOCH2CH2CH2OH,

Where the two OH groups are on neighboring carbons, making it a vic-diol. 

Explanation

Explanation

A centrifuge is a machine that uses centrifugal force to separate particles of different densities or sizes from a mixture.

It is commonly used to separate:

• Liquids from solids (e.g., mud, sludge)
• Heavy particles from lighter particles (e.g., sedimentation)
• Immiscible liquids (e.g., oil and water)

Explanation

Soap is a type of salt that is formed from the reaction of a fatty acid with an alkali, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide.

Fatty acids are long-chain carboxylic acids that are found in fats and oils.

Explanation

Temporary hard water is caused by the presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonates (Ca(HCO3)2 and Mg(HCO3)2).

These salts are commonly found in natural water sources and can enter the water supply through contact with limestone, dolomite, and other mineral deposits.

Explanation

Explanation

To determine the limiting reagent, use the balanced chemical equation:

C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O

From the equation:

- 1 mole of ethanol reacts with 3 moles of O₂.

You have:

- 2 moles of ethanol

- 6 moles of oxygen

Required O₂ for 2 moles ethanol = 2 × 3 = 6 moles

Since you have exactly 6 moles of O₂, both ethanol and oxygen are completely consumed.

Explanation

 The lifetime of an electron in a metastable state is significantly longer than in an ordinary excited state, typically by 10³ to 10⁵ times. 

Ordinary excited states have lifetimes on the order of 10⁻⁸ seconds. 

Metastable states have lifetimes that can range from microseconds to milliseconds and even longer, being orders of magnitude longer than typical excited states.

Therefore, options like 10³ or 10⁵ are appropriate estimations for how much longer a metastable state lifetime is compared to an ordinary excited state. 

Explanation

In a step-up transformer, the quantity that remains constant is power. 

Power conservation:

In an ideal transformer, the power input to the primary coil is equal to the power output from the secondary coil, meaning power is conserved. 

Voltage and current change:

While power stays constant, the voltage increases in a step-up transformer, which results in a corresponding decrease in current to maintain the same power output. 

Explanation

A carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.

The carbon atom in this group is sp2-hybridized,

Meaning it has three sp2 hybrid orbitals and one p orbital that participate in the formation of the double bond with oxygen