Explanation

The L shell, also known as the second electron shell, has 02 subshells:

The L shell contains two subshells - 2s, 2p.

The M shell contains three subshells - 3s, 3p, 3d.

The N shell contains four subshells - 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f

Explanation

• Neutrons are the most penetrating, because they have no charge and a relatively large mass compared to electrons and protons.
• This allows them to travel long distances through matter without being deflected or absorbed, making them highly penetrating.

Explanation

To calculate the molarity, we need to calculate the number of moles of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved in 500 cm³ (or 0.5 L) of solution.

Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

Number of moles = mass / molar mass = 40 g / 58.44 g/mol ≈ 0.684 mol

Molarity = number of moles / volume (in liters) = 0.684 mol / 0.5 L ≈ 1.368 M

Rounded to one decimal place, this is approximately 1.4M.

Explanation

• Plasma is a state of matter where atoms or molecules are ionized, meaning they have lost or gained electrons, resulting in a collection of charged particles.
• Plasma is often referred to as the fourth state of matter.
• It is the lightest form of matter, as the particles are highly energetic and widely spaced.

Explanation

• A non-metal atom forms an anion (a negatively charged ion) by gaining one or more electrons.
• This means that the atom acquires additional electrons to form a negative ion.

Explanation

• Group IIIA (or group 13) elements, such as boron (B), aluminum (Al), and gallium (Ga), lose three electrons to form ions with a charge of +3.
• This means that they typically form compounds by losing three electrons, resulting in a valency of +3.

Explanation

• Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapor of a liquid in equilibrium with its solid or liquid phase.
• As temperature increases, the molecules of a liquid gain kinetic energy and move more rapidly.
• Increasing the number of molecules that escape into the vapor phase, thereby increasing the vapor pressure.

Explanation

• The nucleon number (mass number) of Potassium is 39, and the atomic number (number of protons) is 19.
• To find the number of neutrons, subtract the number of protons from the nucleon number:
• 39 (nucleon number) - 19 (proton number) = 20
• So, the number of neutrons in Potassium-39 is 20.

Explanation

• In the evaporation process, liquid molecules gain energy and move faster.
• It allowing them to escape from the surface of the liquid into the surrounding air.
• This occurs when the molecules have enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them to the surface.

Explanation

• Intermolecular forces are weaker than ionic or covalent bonds.
• Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between molecules.
• While ionic and covalent bonds are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule.