Explanation

The sporophyte of Riccia is the simplest among bryophytes.

It consists of only a capsule, missing both foot and seta

It does not perform photosynthesis.

Additional informational:

Riccia belongs to the class Liver Worts.

They have dorsoventrally flattened lobed plant bodies with unicellular rhizoids.

The mature sporophyte of Riccia is a globular capsule, embedded within the gametophytic plant and is without foot and seta

Explanation

The HIV genome consists of two identical single-stranded RNA molecules that are enclosed within the core of the virus particle

Explanation

The first law of thermodynamics is given as ΔE=q+w,

where ΔE is the change in internal energy of a system,

q is the net heat transfer (the sum of all heat transfer into and out of the system),

and w is the net work done (the sum of all work done on or by the system).

Explanation

If the temperature increases from 37 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius, the enzyme activity will decrease.

 enzymes are proteins, they are denatured by heat.

Therefore, at higher temperatures (over about 55°C in the graph below) there is a rapid loss of activity as the protein suffers irreversible denaturation.

Explanation

Since the reaction order is second, the formula for t1/2=k−1[A]−10.

This means that the half-life of the reaction is 0.0259 seconds

while

For a first-order reaction, t1/2 is independent of the initial concentration of reactants.

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The rate constant of a zero-order reaction is equal to the rate of reaction.

R: t1/2 for zero order reaction is directly proportional to the initial concentration

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A third-order reaction is a reaction in which the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of three reacting molecules.

Explanation

Explain the solute and solvent with examples. 5 marks

Solute:

A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a dissolving medium called a solvent. 

The solubility of solute depends on solute properties such as the surface area of the solute

The boiling point of a solute is usually higher than that of a solvent

For example:

sugar, salt, solvent

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Solvent

The solvent is the material that usually decides the solution's physical state (solid, liquid, or gas). 

Two types of Solvent: Polar solvent, Non-Polar solvent

The solubility of solvent depends on solvent properties such as polarity

The boiling point of a solvent is usually lower than that of a solute

for example water

Explanation

2-bromo-2-methyl butane is a tertiary alkyl halide which is reacting with methanol nucleophiles.

therefore, it is an SN1 reaction because for SN1 reaction

Explanation

Boyle's law is a connection between pressure and volume.

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RY 23-12-2022

Explanation

Charles's law states that the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature at constant pressure.

ND17-7-2023

Explanation

A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound

that can exist by itself and retain all of its chemical properties.

while

 An atom is the smallest particle of matter