Explanation

The dermis is the middle layer of the skin.

It contains a network of blood capillaries that supply oxygen and nutrients to the skin cells.

The dermis also contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Explanation

The kidneys are enclosed in a membrane called the peritoneum, which is a thin layer of tissue that lines the abdominal cavity.

The peritoneum supports and protects the kidneys, as well as other organs in the abdominal cavity.

Explanation

A food chain is a sequence of organisms that shows how food energy is transferred from one organism to another through consumption.

It typically starts with a producer (like a plant) and ends with a top predator, showing how energy is passed through repeated eating and being eaten.

Explanation

Nervous coordination involves the transmission of electrochemical signals.

It is also known as nerve impulses or action potentials, through the nervous system.

This allows for rapid communication and coordination between different parts of the body.

Explanation

Lactic acid is produced from pyruvic acid through a process called lactic acid fermentation.

It occurs in muscles during intense exercise or in certain microorganisms like Lactobacillus.

Pyruvic acid is a key intermediate in cellular respiration and is converted to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen.

Explanation

Extensor muscles are responsible for straightening (extending) a limb or a joint.

They work in opposition to flexor muscles, which bend (flex) the limb or joint.

Explanation

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone), also known as vasopressin.

It is released by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland.

ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased water retention and decreased urine production.

Explanation

Homozygous refers to the state where an individual inherits two identical copies of a gene (one from each parent) that code for the same trait or characteristic.

Explanation

The larynx (voice box) is located on top of the trachea (windpipe), which is a tube that leads to the lungs.

The larynx sits at the junction of the pharynx (throat) and the trachea, and it plays a crucial role in speech and breathing.

Explanation

Nitrification is the process by which nitrogenous compounds in living organisms, such as ammonia (NH3), are converted into nitrates (NO3-) by microorganisms like bacteria.

This process occurs in soil, water, and the gut of animals, and is an essential step in the nitrogen cycle.