Explanation

The magnitude of the force between two unit positive charges (each with a charge of 1 Coulomb) separated by a distance of 1 meter in a vacuum is given by Coulomb's Law:

F = k × (q1 × q2) / r^2

where:

F = force (in Newtons)

k = Coulomb's constant (approximately 8.98755 × 10^9 N m^2 C^2)

q1 and q2 are the charges (in Coulombs)

r is the distance between the charges (in meters)

Plugging in the values, we get:

F ≈ (8.98755 × 10^9 N m^2 C^2) × (1 C × 1 C) / (1 m)^2

F ≈ 8.98755 × 10^9 N

F ≈ 9 × 10^9 N (approximately)

Since 1 Newton is equal to 10^9 N (by definition), we can simplify the answer to:

F ≈ 1 N (approximately)

Explanation

In qualitative analysis, a sample can be a solid, liquid, gas, or a mixture.

A mixture is a physical combination of two or more substances, where each substance retains its chemical properties.

Explanation

Lactic acid is produced from pyruvic acid through a process called lactic acid fermentation.

It occurs in muscles during intense exercise or in certain microorganisms like Lactobacillus.

Pyruvic acid is a key intermediate in cellular respiration and is converted to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen.

Explanation

Extensor muscles are responsible for straightening (extending) a limb or a joint.

They work in opposition to flexor muscles, which bend (flex) the limb or joint.

Explanation

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone), also known as vasopressin.

It is released by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland.

ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased water retention and decreased urine production.

Explanation

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance by a given amount.

It is calculated as the product of the mass of the substance and its specific heat capacity:

Heat Capacity = mass x specific heat capacity

Explanation

Coal, gas, and oil are all examples of fossil fuels, which are energy resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals over millions of years.

Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy.

Additional Information:

• Tidal energy is energy generated from ocean tides
• Nuclear energy is energy generated from the nucleus of atoms
• Biomass energy is energy generated from organic matter (plants, wood, waste)

Explanation

When a gas is heated in a sealed cylinder:

• The temperature of the gas increases (by definition of heating).
• The average kinetic energy of the particles increases (as the temperature rises, the molecules move faster).
• The pressure inside the container increases (as the molecules move faster and collide more frequently with the container walls).

Explanation

• Carbon-12 (C-12) is the most abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon, amounting to 98.93% of elemental carbon on Earth.
• Carbon-12 is composed of six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons.
• The atomic mass of carbon-12 is exactly 12 Dalton's, by definition.

Explanation

Human plasma proteins consist of:

• Fibrinogen (A): involved in blood clotting
• Albumin (C): helps regulate blood volume and transport various molecules