Explanation

A gerund is a verb form that ends in "-ing" and acts as a noun.

It is formed by adding the suffix "-ing" to the base form of a verb.

Gerunds can function as subjects, complements, or objects of a sentence.

Examples:

• Singing is my favorite hobby. (Here, "singing" is a gerund and the subject of the sentence.)
• I love watching movies. (Here, "watching movies" is a gerund and the object of the verb "love".)

Explanation

I met a <-----( article )European <---(noun)

The indefinite article (a, an) is used before a noun that is general or when its identity is not known.

Explanation

Explanation

Lest always takes should. 

Because “should” is used to indicate what is probable, here failure on not working hard. 

Explanation

He is destined for the bar.

وہ بار کا مقدر ہے۔

The phrase "destined for" is used to indicate that someone is meant or fated to achieve or reach a particular goal, like "the bar" in this case.

Explanation

The complete proverb is "A stitch in time saves nine."

This means that taking prompt action to fix a problem can prevent it from becoming a much larger issue later.

Explanation

The unruly behavior of the children incensed their parents.

incensed: ناراض

Option A is best to keep the meaning original sentence

If we choose another option It can change the meaning of the whole sentence

ND-21-5-2023

Explanation

The sentence should read: "Here are your shoes. I have just cleaned them."

یہ رہے آپ کے جوتے۔  میں نے ابھی انہیں صاف کیا ہے۔

This is a present perfect tense construction, indicating that the action of cleaning the shoes has been completed recently.

Explanation

Amicable means دوستی

Hostile means دشمنی

Explanation

Bravery means بہادری

Boldness means دلیری

Explanation

"I will be ready by the time you get here."

The correct preposition to use in this context is "by".

It indicating that readiness will be achieved before the specified time of arrival.

Explanation

The relationship between the words "Encourage" and "Restrict" is that they are antonyms, meaning they have opposite meanings. 

"Encourage" means to support or promote something.

"Restrict" means to limit or control something.

Similarly, the word pair "Dearth" and "Surplus" are also antonyms.

"Dearth" means a scarcity or lack of something.

"Surplus" means an excess or abundance of something.

Explanation

Annihilate means فنا کرنا 

Explanation

Shakespeare's Hamlet is the play for all ages.

The correct sentence uses the possessive form "Shakespeare's" to show that Hamlet is a play written by Shakespeare.

Explanation

Anonymous means  گمنام

Nameless means بے نام

Explanation

Enigmatic means پیچیدہ

Puzzling means مشکل 

Explanation

Virtue means فضیلت

Vice means برائی

Explanation

The proverb "A friend in need is a friend indeed" means that a true friend is someone who helps you when you are in trouble.

Explanation

Precarious means غیر مستحکم

Brittle means جس کو آسانی سے توڑا جا سکے

Perilous means خطرناک

Insecure means غیر محفوظ

Cautious means ہوشیار

Explanation

Here, the plural or singular form is changed according to the 2nd subject ''friends'' which is in plural form,

so we use are in that sentence.

Neither he nor his friends are reading books نہ وہ اور نہ ہی اس کے دوست کتابیں پڑھ رہے ہیں

**Additional Information**

• In this sentence, "neither...nor" is a correlative conjunction that connects two singular subjects, "he" and "his friends."
• When using "neither...nor," the verb agrees with the closest subject,
• which in this case is "his friends," making the verb plural, hence "are" is used instead of "is."
• So, "Neither he nor his friends are reading books" is grammatically correct.
  

Explanation

Singular noun: Index

Plural noun: indices

Index means فہرست 

Indices means فہرست کی جمع

****

Explanation

An adverb is a word that typically modifies a verb, an adjective,

or another adverb to provide more information about when,

how, where, or to what extent something happens but not a noun.

Additional trick: Mostly words ending with (ly) are all adverbs. But a little bit of explanation below: Noun ke Sath (ly ) ho to adjective bn jata hai. Adjective ke sath ly ho Adverb ban jata hai.e.g Beautiful adjective hai Beautifully adverb hai.

Explanation

We eat fruit = ہم پھل کھاتے ہیں

Fruit is eaten by us = پھل ہم سے کھایا جاتا ہے

This is a sentence of Present Indefinite Tense.

Present Indefinite Tense

Active Voice: Subject + Verb + Object

Passive Voice: Object + is/am/are+ third form of a verb + by + subject.

Explanation

What are they doing does not seem to be working جو کچھ کر رہے ہیں وہ کام کرتا نظر نہیں آتا۔

Explanation

Melancholy means اداسی

Sad meaning اداسی 

****

Explanation

Polite means شائستہ

Rude means بدتمیز

Explanation

Reduce means کم کرنا

Deplete means ختم کرنا یا گھٹا دینا

Explanation

it is very Kind of you means آپ نے بہت مہربانی کی 

****
we use the "of" preposition with "kind" because it competes for the meaning of the original sentence

"kind of you" is the most formal, “correct” use of the expression.

***

Explanation

Here 'yesterday' shows something happened in the past.

This sentence is also simple.

We generally use second form of verb in simple sentence of Past Indefinite Tense. 

Note: Do is the first, did is the second while done is the third form of verb. 

We did a lot of work yesterday means کل ہم نے بہت سارا کام کیا

Explanation

SLOWLY. آہستہ آہستہ.

Quickly جلدی سے

Explanation

"She has been ill, but now she is back in circulation."

The phrase "back in circulation" is an idiom meaning that someone has returned to their normal social life or routine after being absent due to illness or other reasons.

"Motion" refers to physical movement (e.g., walking, running).

Explanation

The idiom "Give someone the cold shoulder" means to intentionally ignore someone or treat someone in an unfriendly way۔ 

Give someone the cold shoulder means کسی کو نظر انداز کرنا

For example: 

I will never give you the cold shoulder in my life.

میں آپ کو اپنی زندگی میں کبھی بھی نظر انداز نہیں کروں گا

ND18-4-2023

Explanation

Admonition نصیحت

Criticism تنقید

ND7-5-2023

Explanation

Important GK 

Agrostology: Study of Grasses 

Agronomy: soil management and crop production 

Odontology: a study of teeth 

Arthrology: Study of joints 

Nephrology: a study of kidneys 

Teeth have four categories – incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

SH10-8-2023

Explanation

Guilty:  مجرم

innocent:  معصوم

ND23-4-2023

Explanation

The word “abide” takes the preposition “by”.

Abide means قبول کرنا، مان لینا

Explanation

 “cynosure” means a person who is the center of attraction or attention. 

Explanation

Notorious بدنام 

Famous مشہور

Explanation

take it out

اسے باہر لے

“Take it out “

Passive voice would be

Let it be taken out.

Explanation

 A rehearsal is a preparation or practice for a performance, just like an engagement is a preparation or commitment before a marriage.

Explanation

Callous means سخت

Soft means نرم

Explanation

We use Articles A & An before professions.

Doctor gives consonant sound. Therefore, He is a doctor۔  I am a student. She is a teacher. 

کسی کا شعبہ یا فیلڈ بتانے کیلئے ہم (ارٹیکل اے) کا استعمال کرتے ہیں۔

We use an when the profession gives vowel sound.

e.g. She is an actress. You are an actor. I am an author.

Explanation

 humans have five senses:

taste,

smell,

vision,

hearing,

touch.

Explanation

Conversant means علم رکھنے والا، آگاہ، باخبر

Inexperienced means ناتجربہ کار

AGM 09-2-2023

Explanation

We generally use in after succeed.

In is a preposition here.

Succeed in something means کسی کام میں کامیاب ہونا

Explanation

Generally aware is followed by of.

Aware of something means باخبر رہنا، آگاہ رہنا

He is aware of and engaged in his work.

Explanation

Angry with someone means کسی سے ناراض ہونا

Angry with: کسی انسان سے ناراض ہونا

Angry on: کسی بات پہ ناراض ہونا

Angry at برتاو یا رویے پر ناراض ہونا

Explanation

Conditional clauses can begin with unless. Unless means something similar to ‘if … not’ or ‘except if’.

"the above sentence is " related to the conditional situation" 
So we select " the option unless" 

**

ND10-1-2023

Explanation

GRADUALLY: آہستہ آہستہ

Suddenly:  اچانک

**

ND4-12-2022

Explanation

The idiom "tooth and nails" means:  پوری طاقت سے، دل و جان سے آخر تک مقابلہ کرنا