Which of the following factor increases edge effects?

مندرجہ ذیل میں سے کون سا عنصر کنارے کے اثرات کو بڑھاتا ہے؟

Habitat fragmentation

Habitat destruction

Over-exploitation

None of these

Habitat fragmentation leads to smaller, isolated patches of habitat, increasing edge effects where species face harsher conditions.

This can reduce biodiversity and disrupt ecological processes within the fragmented habitats.