Explanation

Carotenoids serve multiple functions in plants:

Broaden Spectrum of Light:

• Carotenoids can absorb light energy in the blue and green regions of the spectrum,
• thereby expanding the range of light wavelengths that can be used for photosynthesis.

Provide Yellow Color to the Plants:

• Carotenoids are responsible for the yellow, orange, and red colors observed in many fruits, flowers, and vegetables.

Protect Chlorophyll by Absorbing Excessive Light:

• Carotenoids act as photoprotective agents by dissipating excess energy that chlorophyll molecules cannot handle,
• thus protecting the photosynthetic machinery from damage caused by excessive light exposure.