Explanation

• Mikhail Gorbachev initiated Perestroika (restructuring) to reform the Soviet economy and Glasnost (openness) to increase transparency and freedom of information in 1985.
• These movements aimed to modernize the USSR.
• Mikhail Gorbachev was a Russian and Soviet politician who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.

• Mikhail Gorbachev died on 30 August 2022 at the age of 91.