Explanation

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end: 20 Marks

In the modern war, the use of the most destructive weapons is not needed. These weapons are nuclear bombs, ballistic missiles carrying nuclear warheads, chemical weapons killing thousands and making millions invalid and useless for living, and other weapons of mass destruction that rich and developed countries possess. If these weapons are used repeatedly, nothing will be left for the winner or conqueror. So the effects of a modern war are still limited to the effects of the conventional or traditional weapons that are still used. However, these conventional weapons are the improved ones, much stronger and much more destructive than their older versions. For example, the big bombs of yesterday have developed into cluster bombs. The old planes are now supersonic with much greater firing, bombing and killing capacities. The rifles of olden times are now Kalashnikovs or even more modern assault rifles that are hundreds of times more destructive. So modern conventional weaponry causes numerous deaths and large-scale destruction. The aim of the powerful attacking country is to occupy the attacked country of to control its natural resources. So it does not try to destroy its communication system or network, and its buildings and production centers like factories. The attacks and war, then, become limited and controlled. However, within the conquered country, the limited war against those who oppose and use force against the conquerors, continues.

1. What are the most destructive weapons not used in a modern war?

2. What kind of weapons are still used in wars?

3. Explain some examples of the conventional weapons the writer has given. Add some more. 4. How do the attacks of a powerful country on another country get controlled or limited?

5. Give the meanings of

a) Mass destruction  

b) Conqueror

c) Suggest a suitable title of passage

Solution

1·  What are the most destructive weapons not used in a modern war?

The most destructive weapons not used in modern war are nuclear bombs, ballistic missiles carrying nuclear warheads, chemical weapons, and other weapons of mass destruction. These weapons have the capacity to cause widespread devastation, killing thousands and making millions of people incapable of living normal lives.

2·  What kind of weapons are still used in wars?

In modern wars, conventional or traditional weapons are still used. However, these weapons are significantly improved versions, much stronger and more destructive than their predecessors. Examples include cluster bombs, supersonic planes, and modern assault rifles like Kalashnikovs.

3·  Explain some examples of the conventional weapons the writer has given. Add some more.

The writer provides examples such as:

• Cluster bombs: Modern versions of old big bombs, causing greater destruction.

• Supersonic planes: Updated from old planes, with enhanced firing, bombing, and killing capabilities.

• Kalashnikovs and modern assault rifles: More destructive than the rifles of older times.

Other examples of modern conventional weapons include:

• Drones: Unmanned aircraft used for precision strikes.

• Precision-guided missiles: Advanced versions of older missiles with enhanced accuracy.

• Armored vehicles: Modern tanks with superior mobility and firepower.

4·  How do the attacks of a powerful country on another country get controlled or limited?

The attacks of a powerful country are controlled or limited because the aim is not to completely destroy the attacked country’s infrastructure, communication systems, or production centers. Instead, the goal is to occupy the country and control its natural resources. By limiting the destruction to certain areas and targets, the attacking country preserves valuable assets for future control.

5·  Give the meanings of:

a) Mass destruction: Large-scale destruction that causes widespread damage and death, often affecting both people and infrastructure across a large area.

b) Conqueror: A person or force that defeats and takes control of a country or territory through the use of force or warfare.

c) Suggest a suitable title of passage:

"Modern Warfare and the Controlled Use of Conventional Weapons"

Islamabad Police ASI Paper 2024