Explanation

• The word ARGENTINA has 9 letters, and some of these letters are repeated (2Ns, 2Ts, and 2As). To calculate the number of unique words that can be formed using these letters, we need to divide the total number of permutations (9!) by the number of repetitions: 9! / (2! × 2! × 2!)
• This formula accounts for the repetitions of the N, T, and A letters, and gives us the total number of unique words that can be formed using the letters of the word ARGENTINA.

Explanation

In multicellular organisms, chemical signaling can be categorized into three basic types:

• Paracrine signaling: This type of signaling involves the release of chemical signals, such as hormones or neurotransmitters, into the extracellular fluid, where they can bind to nearby cells. Examples include histamine release during an allergic reaction and neurotransmitters released by nerve cells.
• Autocrine signaling: In this type of signaling, cells release chemical signals that bind to receptors on their own surface, regulating their own behavior. Examples include the regulation of cell growth and division.
• Endocrine signaling: This type of signaling involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream, which are then transported to distant cells, where they bind to receptors and regulate various physiological processes. Examples include insulin regulating blood sugar levels and thyroid hormones regulating metabolism.

Explanation

• In a Star Network Topology, each network node (computer, printer, etc.) is connected to a central device called a hub or switch.
• This central device acts as a connection point for all the nodes, and data transmission occurs through it. 
• This topology is called a star topology because the connections resemble a star, with the hub at the center and the nodes at the points.

Explanation

• Endotoxin is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and it is specifically associated with the presence of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
• LPS is a complex molecule composed of a lipid A anchor, a core oligosaccharide, and a repeating O-antigen polysaccharide chain. 
• The lipid A portion of LPS is responsible for its endotoxic activity, which can trigger a strong immune response and cause septic shock.

Explanation

• Fleming's left-hand rule correlates to current, magnetic field and direction of force on a conductor.
• This rule states that if the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of the left hand are stretched to be perpendicular to each other, and if the forefinger represents the direction of the magnetic field, the middle finger represents the direction of the current, then the thumb represents the direction of force.
  

Explanation

• Phenylamine (also known as aniline) is produced through the reduction of nitrobenzene.
• After the reaction, phenylamine is separated from the reaction mixture using steam distillation.
• This is because phenylamine is volatile and has a relatively low boiling point, which allows it to be distilled off from the reaction mixture using steam.

Explanation

• In Microsoft Access, pressing SHIFT+F10 is used to Display the shortcut menu.
• The shortcut menu, also known as the context menu, is a menu that provides options related to the selected object or area.
• It typically contains commands that are relevant to the current context, allowing you to perform various actions without navigating through multiple menus.

Explanation

• The "imitation game" was originally conceptualized and named by its creator, Alan Turing, as a means to assess a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human.
• The test involves a human evaluator engaging in natural language conversations with both a human and a machine, without knowing which is which. If the evaluator cannot reliably distinguish between the human and the machine based on the conversation, the machine is considered to have passed the Turing Test.

Explanation

• Substances with permeability less than that of free space (μ₀) are called diamagnetic materials.
• These materials are weakly repelled by magnetic fields and have a relative permeability (μr) less than 1.

Explanation

• The control in SCADA is Supervisory control because SCADA is Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.
• It stores information from the remotely located data collection sensors and transducers to support the control of equipment, devices, and automated functions.