Explanation

Hard Disk is where data is permanently stored.

Unlike RAM and cache memory, which are volatile.

Hard disks retain data even when the computer is turned off.

Explanation

The stratospheric ozone layer is Earth's “sunscreen”  protecting living things from too much ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Oxygen layer in the atmosphere

Ozone protects us from the harmful ultraviolet radiation of the sun.

Ozone formula: O3

The ozone layer lies approximately 15-40 kilometers (10-25 miles) above the Earth's surface, in the stratosphere.

The ozone layer is depleting: Air pollution

ND17-7-2023

Explanation

The 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed by the National Assembly on April 8, 2010, and by the Senate on April 15, 2010.

It became law after President Asif Ali Zardari signed it on April 19, 2010.

This amendment revoked the President's authority to dissolve Parliament.

It resulted in 23 out of 26 proposed amendments being enacted, while three did not succeed.

Explanation

The African Union is a continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa.

The AU was announced in the Sirte Declaration in Sirte, Libya, on 9 September 1999, calling for the establishment of the African Union. 

Headquarters: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Founded: July 9, 2002, Durban, South Africa

Founder: Muammar Gaddafi

Explanation

In 1192, the Afghan warrior Muhammad Ghori defeated the Rajput Confederacy, led by Prithviraj Chauhan, near Tarain.

After Ghori's death in 1206, his generals divided the Ghurid territories and established the Delhi Sultanate.

Qutb ud-Din Aibak, a slave soldier and Ghori's army commander, became the new sultan of Delhi. 

Explanation

Charles Babbage is known as the Father of the Computer.

He was an inventor from the UK.

He was born in 1791.

He was died in 1871.

Explanation

Biology

Life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, and interaction with their environment.

Geology
The Earth, its materials (rocks, minerals), structure, and the processes that shape it (earthquakes, volcanoes, plate tectonics).

Chemistry

Matter, its properties, how it interacts, combines, and changes (chemical reactions, molecular bonds, atomic structure).

Physics:

The fundamental forces and principles of the universe, such as energy, motion, force, and the nature of matter.

Explanation

An ornithologist is someone who studies ornithology the branch of science devoted to birds.

Ornithology means پرندوں کا مطالحہ

ND5-5-2023

Explanation

The first summit between Pakistan and the European Union (EU) was held in Brussels, Belgium on June 17, 2009

Details

Topics: Strengthened partnership, regional politics, global issues, and the world economy

Follow-up: A second summit was held in Islamabad on June 4, 2010

Result: The EU-Pakistan Five-year Engagement Plan came into force in 2012

Explanation

اردو نٹر میں سب سے قدیم صنف کیہ/کہہ مکرنی ہے۔