Explanation

Development includes learning from experiences (internal/external stimulation) and physical, cognitive, and emotional growth.

It is a comprehensive process involving both maturation and learning as a person progresses toward maturity.

Explanation

Personality refers to the enduring patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that define how a person consistently interacts with the world.

It is shaped by biological, psychological, and environmental factors, and remains relatively stable over time.

Explanation

Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refers to tasks a child cannot do alone but can achieve with guidance.

It highlights the importance of adult or peer support in helping children learn just beyond their current abilities.

Explanation

Explanation

The American approach emphasizes clear learning objectives to guide teaching and assessment.

It focuses on what the student should achieve or learn by the end of instruction.

Explanation

The child-centered method encourages participation, freedom, and respect, promoting democratic values.

It focuses on the learner’s interests and active involvement rather than just teacher direction.

Explanation

The National Education Policy 2009 is the latest in the series of education policies initiated since Pakistan's inception in 1947.

It aimed at addressing the challenges in the education sector, focusing on improvements in quality, access, and equity.

Explanation

Analysis means breaking down complex information into parts and understanding their relationships.

It helps in deeply examining and organizing knowledge logically.

Explanation

• "A teacher should be dutiful" implies that teachers have a responsibility to fulfill their duties and obligations towards their students, colleagues, and profession.
• Being dutiful means being conscientious, responsible, and committed to carrying out one's duties with diligence and dedication.

Explanation

In the Deductive Method, teaching starts with general rules or principles.

Students then apply these rules to specific examples or cases to understand them better.