Explanation

A palindromic sequence reads the same forwards and backwards.

Given the sequence "CTTAAG", the complementary palindromic sequence is "GAATTC". 

In DNA, A pairs with T and C pairs with G. 

When reading the complementary strand from 5' to 3', the sequence becomes "GAATTC", which is the same as the original sequence read from 5' to 3'. 

Explanation

 Anaerobic Organisms: Anaerobic organisms, including certain bacteria, are those that do not require oxygen for growth and survival. 

Oxygen Toxicity: Some anaerobic bacteria are highly sensitive to oxygen and cannot tolerate its presence, while others can tolerate small amounts of oxygen. 

Explanation

 The breeding and management of bees, particularly honeybees, is known as apiculture or beekeeping. 

Explanation

Explanation

Hormones are extrinsic information molecules.

As they are signaling molecules that regulate various physiological processes in the body.

Explanation

Vitamin B₂ is a constituent of coenzymes.

Specifically in the form of FAD and FMN.

They are involved in redox reactions.

Explanation

The exoskeleton of coelenterates is made of Calcium carbonate. 

Coelenterates like corals primarily have exoskeletons composed of calcium carbonate

Explanation

Cephalosporins inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, making them effective against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

They work similarly to penicillins, targeting peptidoglycan layer formation.

Explanation

Hemoglobinuria (presence of hemoglobin in urine due to intravascular hemolysis) is seen in:

Piroplasmosis (Babesiosis): Protozoan parasites destroy RBCs.

Bacillary hemoglobinuria (Caused by Clostridium haemolyticum): Toxins induce hemolysis.

Post-parturient hemoglobinuria (Nutritional): Hypophosphatemia leads to RBC fragility.

Exception

Black quarter (Caused by Clostridium chauvoei):

Primarily causes myonecrosis (muscle damage) and edema, not hemolysis or hemoglobinuria.

Key Point:

Black quarter affects muscles, while the others directly or indirectly cause RBC lysis.

Explanation