Explanation

Explanation

As you move from the equator towards the poles, the latitude increases (up to 90 degrees).

The further you go from the equator in any direction,

the difference between the duration of the day and night at different times of the year will be bigger.

Additional information 

there are two points in the year when day and night are approximately equal in duration. 

This is called an equinox.

The equinoxes occur around:

• March 20th-21st 
• September 22nd-23rd each year.

Explanation

Pair production occurs when a high-energy γ-ray photon is converted into an electron and a positron near a nucleus.

It is a quantum phenomenon that requires photon energy greater than 1.022 MeV.

Explanation

The energy stored in a capacitor is given by U = (1/2)CV². If the potential difference (V) is doubled:

U ∝ V²

U' ∝ (2V)² = 4V²

So, the energy stored will increase by a factor of 4.

Explanation

Loudness is how the intensity of a sound is perceived by the human ear.

Greater intensity → louder sound.

It is measured in decibels (dB).

Explanation

A thinner convex lens has a longer focal length because it bends light rays less sharply than a thicker convex lens.

A thicker convex lens has a shorter focal length as it bends light rays more strongly, bringing them to focus sooner.

Explanation

The capacity of an object to do work is called energy.

Energy can take many forms and is defined as the capacity a system or object has to perform work.

Explanation

Time = Energy / Power

Given Energy = 1.4 × 10⁶ J and Power = 2 kW = 2000 W:

Time = (1.4 × 10⁶ J) / (2000 W)

Time = 1.4 × 10⁶ / 2000

= 700 s

Explanation

In Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), instantaneous velocity is maximum when displacement is zero.

This occurs when the phase angle is 90° with respect to displacement (since velocity leads displacement by 90° in SHM).

Explanation

A rocket accelerates in space by expelling exhaust gases backward, which, according to Newton’s third law, produces an equal and opposite force pushing the rocket forward.

This force is called thrust and does not depend on external air or gravity.