Explanation

Saturated hydrocarbons are called alkanes.

Alkanes are a type of hydrocarbon that have only single bonds between the carbon atoms, and are "saturated" with hydrogen atoms.

They have the general formula CnH2n+2 and are also known as paraffins.

Examples of alkanes include methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and propane (C3H8).

Explanation

• Gases can be converted into liquids by cooling, a process known as condensation.
• As the temperature decreases, the particles of the gas slow down and come together, forming a liquid.

Explanation

For 2p orbitals, the principal quantum number (n) is 2.

The azimuthal quantum number (l) for a p-orbital is 1.

So, n = 2, l = 1 is correct.

Explanation

The Distribution law controls solvent extraction. 

Distribution law (also known as Nernst's law):

This law states that when a solute is added to two immiscible liquids,

It will distribute itself between the two liquids in a constant ratio,

Regardless of the total amount of solute added.

This ratio is called the partition coefficient. 

Explanation

Reforming is a process used in petroleum refining to separate hydrogen from hydrocarbons through heat.

It helps convert lower-quality hydrocarbons into more valuable products like gasoline and hydrogen.

Explanation

Petrol typically contains around 0.05% sulfur, which can contribute to air pollution when burned.

The sulfur content in fuels is regulated to reduce harmful emissions and environmental impact.

Explanation

Polymerization is the process where small molecules (monomers) repeatedly bond to form large molecules (polymers).

It's commonly used in making plastics, synthetic fibers, and resins.

Explanation

Bromine is the only non-metal that remains in liquid form at room temperature.

It is a reddish-brown liquid with a strong odor and is highly reactive.

Explanation

When the size of solute particles decreases, the solubility of a solid in a liquid increases because:

Surface Area Effect: Smaller particles have a larger surface area exposed to the solvent, speeding up dissolution.

Kinetic Energy: More collisions occur between solute and solvent molecules, enhancing solubility.

Explanation

To induce fission in Uranium-238 (²³⁸U), you need Fast neutrons. 

Fast Neutrons:

Fast neutrons have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome the repulsive forces within the nucleus and initiate fission