Explanation

Thermodynamics is the study of the relations between heat, work, temperature, and energy

Thermodynamics حرارت کے میکانکی حرکت میں بدل جانے کا عمل 

Explanation

The bacteria that cause tuberculosis and leprosy are Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae

So the correct answer is d) None of these 

Explanation

The reaction at the anode is called oxidation

In electrochemical cells, the anode is where oxidation occurs, meaning the substance loses electrons.

This contrasts with the cathode, where reduction (gain of electrons) takes place. 

Explanation

 Structures that have similar functions but evolved independently from different ancestral origins are called analogous structures. 

Explanation

During phase 1 of this cycle, the CO2 molecule is incorporated into one of two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules (3-PGA).

This process requires the enzyme RuBisCO and both ATP and NADPH.

Once 3-PGA is formed, one of two molecules formed continues into the reduction phase (phase 2).

Explanation

Sharks, along with other cartilaginous fish-like rays, retain urea in their bodies as part of their osmoregulatory strategy.

This helps them maintain osmotic balance in marine environments by making their internal body fluids isotonic with the surrounding seawater. 

Explanation

A resistor is a key component used in DC circuits to control the flow of current

While capacitors and inductors are also used in DC circuits,

Resistors are the most fundamental part of managing current.

Transformers, on the other hand, are typically used in AC circuits, not DC circuits.

Explanation

Using condoms the right way can help prevent pregnancy and lower the risk of getting a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

the disadvantages of using a condom:

• May disrupt spontaneity during sex.
• Can reduce sensitivity.
• Some men cannot maintain an erection when using a condom.
• Some men and women can develop an allergy or sensitivity to latex

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ND1-2-2023

Explanation

Water has a unique property where its density is highest at around 4°C, making it denser than ice (which is solid water)

And the other options like benzene and chloroform at most temperatures. 

Ice is less dense than water: This is why ice floats on water. 

Density definition: Density refers to how much mass is packed into a given volume

Explanation

Pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissue.

A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that reproduces by means of spores.

Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds,

They are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden.