Explanation

• “Trout fish” is found in Northern Areas
• ***
• The trout fishery of Pakistan prevails particularly in the NWFP and Northern Areas,
• where two species of trout, though exotic in origin, have established themselves in rivers of this province.
• They are brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
• Three main rivers, Neelum, Sindh, and Jhelum (Lidder), have been the principal sources of Trout,
  

Explanation

A hydrogen-filled balloon expands as it rises and may even burst after rising very high in the atmosphere

As one goes high, the weight of the atmosphere above decreases and so does the pressure.

Thus for a balloon filled on the ground, the pressure inside the balloon exceeds that outside and thus it bursts.

Explanation

Transformer works on Faraday's law of mutual induction.

Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that,

"When a change takes place in the magnetic flux which is linked with a circuit, an electromotive force current will induce in the circuit"

***

Transformers are used to change AC voltage levels

The transformer work only on an AC supply

Explanation

The function to give a message to effectors is b. Negative feedback. 

Negative feedback: In a negative feedback loop, a sensor detects a change in a controlled variable (like temperature) and sends a signal to a control center (like the hypothalamus).

The control center then sends a signal to an effector (like a sweat gland or muscle) to bring the variable back to its set point. Essentially, the effector's response is opposite to the initial change. 

Explanation

Acidified potassium permanganate (KMnO4), acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and silver nitrate (AgNO3 (in the form of Tollens' reagent) can all oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids. 

Acidified KMnO4:

• A strong oxidizing agent that readily converts aldehydes to carboxylic acids.
• It changes color from purple to colorless during the reaction. 

Acidified K2Cr2O7:

• Also a strong oxidizing agent that can oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids.
• It changes color from orange to green during the reaction. 

AgNO3 (in Tollens' reagent):

• A milder oxidizing agent compared to the previous two, but still capable of oxidizing aldehydes.
• It gives a characteristic silver mirror precipitate when reacting with an aldehyde. 

Explanation

Weight depends on the gravitational force, which decreases with altitude.

As the person moves away from the Earth's surface, gravity slightly weakens, so their weight becomes less than 600 N.

Explanation

The right ventricle is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

While the right atrium receives blood from the vena cava, it only needs to passively push that blood into the right ventricle.

The right ventricle, however, needs to generate significant force to propel the blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.

This requires a thicker, more muscular wall. 

Explanation

The electrostatic force between two charges is given by Coulomb’s Law:

F = k * q₁ * q₂ / R²

If a total charge Q is divided into two parts: q and Q−q, the force becomes:

F = k * q * (Q − q) / R²

To maximize F, differentiate F with respect to q and set dF/dq = 0:

dF/dq = k/R² * [Q − 2q] = 0  

⇒ Q − 2q = 0  

⇒ q = Q/2

Explanation

The speed of sound in an ideal gas is proportional to √(P/ρ).  

But at constant temperature, P/ρ remains constant for gases (since both pressure and density scale equally).  

So, the velocity of sound is independent of pressure if temperature is constant.

Hence, ratio = 1:1.

Explanation

Wind is the moving air in the Earth's atmosphere.

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by moving particles

therefore wind possesses kinetic energy.

Additional Information:

The horizontal movement of air is known as winds.

Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules