Explanation

• Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange.
• Including the release of water vapor (transpiration) and the entry of carbon dioxide.
• This process is essential for photosynthesis and regulation of water balance in plants.

Explanation

• Vegetable waste from farms is an example of biodegradable waste.
• Which can be broken down naturally by decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.

Explanation

Land pollution is caused by:

• Plastic bags, bottles, glass bottles, tin cans
• Vegetables and fruit cutting
• Animal wastes

Explanation

The pouch of Douglas, also known as the recto-uterine pouch

It is the space formed between the rectum and the uterus in females.

is an extension of the peritoneum between the posterior wall of the uterus and the rectum in females.

Explanation

• Hygiene refers to the practice of maintaining cleanliness and purity to promote health and prevent disease.
• It includes habits such as washing hands regularly, bathing, brushing teeth, and wearing clean clothes.

Explanation

• The skeleton provides a structural framework that supports and protects the internal organs of the human body, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and digestive organs.
• It also allows for movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals.

Explanation

Both the Salk vaccine and the Sabin vaccine are types of polio vaccines.

The Salk vaccine is an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV),

While the Sabin vaccine is a live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV).

Both vaccines have played crucial roles in the global efforts to eradicate polio.

Explanation

Prevalence and incidence are distinct epidemiological measures

Their interpretations vary, especially in the context of diseases like measles.

Additional information:

Incidence: Refers to the rate of new cases of a disease occurring within a specific population over a defined period. 

Prevalence: Reflects the total number of existing cases (both old and new) of a disease within a population at a particular point in time.

Explanation

Enforcement of traffic laws serves as a fundamental pillar in preventing traffic accidents due to several logical reasons:

• Deterrence of Risky Behavior:
• Promotion of Compliance:
• Modification of Driver Attitudes:
• Identification and Removal of Hazardous Drivers: 
• Education and Awareness:

Additional information:

While all the options listed are important in promoting road safety,

Enforcing traffic laws ensures that drivers adhere to speed limits,

Follow traffic signals, avoid reckless driving behaviors,

And maintain safe distances from other vehicles.

Explanation

• Cytotoxic T cells are a type of T lymphocyte that plays a crucial role in eliminating infected cells or tumor cells from the body.
• They recognize and bind to specific antigens presented on the surface of infected cells or tumor cells, and then release cytotoxins, such as granzymes and perforin, which form pores in the plasma membrane of the target cell, leading to cell lysis and death.