Explanation

• During Anaphase, the contraction of spindle fibers takes place, resulting in the separation of sister chromatids and their movement towards opposite poles of the cell.
• This stage is characterized by the pulling apart of the sister chromatids, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Explanation

• Anaerobic respiration is a process of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen (O2).
• It is used by small microorganisms like fungi and bacteria, as well as muscle cells during intense exercise.
• Anaerobic respiration produces less energy than aerobic respiration and typically results in the production of lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Explanation

A foliose lichen is a lichen with flat, leaf-like lobes.

They are generally not firmly bonded to the substrate on which they grow.

It is one of the three most common growth forms of lichens.

Explanation

• Frogs are heterotrophic animals that obtain energy by consuming other organisms, such as insects, worms, and even smaller frogs.
• They do not produce their own food like plants (producers) do, and they do not break down dead organisms like decomposers (such as bacteria and fungi) do.
• Therefore, the best description for a frog is a consumer.

Explanation

In carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, the common bile duct causes pain and pressure.

Patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas typically present with painless jaundice (70%).

Usually due to obstruction of the common bile duct from the pancreatic head tumor.

Weight loss occurs in about 90% of patients.

Abdominal pain occurs in about 75% of patients.

Explanation

• Lung cancer is a disorder that occurs when cell division in the respiratory tract becomes uncontrolled.
• It leading to the formation of abnormal cells that can cause tumors and cysts.

Explanation

• The brain is the command center of the body, controlling everything from movement and sensation to thought and emotion.
• It processes information, sends signals to muscles and glands, and regulates various bodily functions, making it the central control system of the body.

Explanation

A drug reaction can present with generalized pain, body aches, and skin rashes

Especially if the patient has recently started a new medication or has a history of drug allergies.

Explanation

The oxytocin reflex is also sometimes called the “letdown reflex” or the “milk ejection reflex”.

It is produced more quickly than prolactin.

It makes the milk that is already in the breast flow for the current feed, and helps the baby to get the milk easily.

Explanation

For estimating the magnitude of health problems, a public health expert would typically calculate the prevalence rate.

The prevalence rate measures the proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular health condition at a specific point in time or over a defined period.

This rate provides insight into the overall burden of disease within a population and is essential for planning and implementing public health interventions.