Explanation

The mediolateral episiotomy is often recommended

Because it provides better healing and reduces the risk of severe tears extending into the anal sphincter.

An episiotomy is a surgical procedure where a small cut is made to widen the vaginal opening during childbirth. 

Explanation

Reduced growth hormone levels are not typically associated with anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by restrictive eating, fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image.

Some common features of anorexia nervosa include:

• hypokalemia (low potassium levels)
• low LH (luteinizing hormone)
• impaired glucose tolerance
• low FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
  

Explanation

Arterial pH remains relatively stable during pregnancy

Reflecting the effective regulation of acid-base balance by the body's homeostatic mechanisms.

During pregnancy, the respiratory system changes to accommodate the needs of the fetus while arterial pH typically remains stable.

These include:

• increased oxygen consumption
• alterations in lung volumes
• adjustments in respiratory mechanics

Explanation

Aphakia is defined as the "absence of the lens from its normal position."

This condition typically occurs after surgical lens removal, often due to cataract surgery.

As a result of aphakia, the eye loses its ability to focus light onto the retina properly, leading to significant refractive error and visual impairment.

Explanation

The incubation period of influenza, is the time between exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms

typically ranges from 1 to 4 days, with an average of about 2 days.

Explanation

• Arachidonic acid is converted into three different types of signaling molecules, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, all of which are classified as eicosanoids.
• Arachidonic acid is a 20-carbon fatty acid with four carbon-carbon double bonds.

Explanation

Cholesterol is a vital precursor in the biosynthesis of:

Vitamin D:

• Cholesterol converts to 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin, which forms vitamin D₃ under UV light.

Steroid Hormones:

Cholesterol is the backbone for:

• Sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen, progesterone).
• Adrenal hormones (cortisol, aldosterone).

Explanation

Each mesophyll cell in a leaf typically contains about 20 to 100 chloroplasts, depending on the plant species.

These chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, capturing sunlight to produce food.

Explanation

The central requirement in the maintenance of an organism is homeostasis, which is the ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

This involves regulating various internal conditions such as body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance to ensure optimal functioning. 

Explanation

According to Erwin Chargaff's 1951 findings, the ratio of adenine (A) to thymine (T) in DNA is approximately 1:1.

This means that for every adenine molecule, there is a corresponding thymine molecule.

This observation, along with the similar 1:1 ratio of guanine (G) and cytosine (C), forms the basis of Chargaff's rules.