Explanation

The correct order of the alimentary canal, also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract:

• Mouth: Food enters the mouth, where it's chewed and mixed with saliva.
• Oesophagus: Food passes through the oesophagus, a muscular tube that transports it to the stomach.
• Stomach: The stomach secretes gastric juices to digest proteins and fats.
• Small Intestine: Nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, where specialized structures like villi and microvilli increase the surface area.

Explanation

• In the mouth, saliva contains the enzyme amylase.
• It starts the chemical digestion of carbohydrates (such as starches and sugars).
• By breaking them down into simpler sugars like maltose and dextrin.

Explanation

• When you put a drop of ink into water, the molecules of ink are in random motion due to their kinetic energy.
• As they collide with the surrounding water molecules, they transfer their energy and momentum, causing the ink molecules to spread out and move throughout the glass.
• This process is known as diffusion.

Explanation

• Fruits are organic materials that are easily decomposed by decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
• They are a natural part of the nutrient cycle and can break down quickly in the environment.

The examples of biodegradable materials such as:

• Organic waste (kitchen waste, human waste, food waste, manure)
• Plant material (tree leaves, grass, wood, paper, cotton)
• Animal products (leather, feathers, dead animals)
• Food and food waste (fruits, vegetables, leftover food)
• Dead organic matter (dead plants, dead organisms)

Explanation

• The optimal temperature range for seed germination varies among plant species, but most seeds germinate best between 16°C to 24°C (61°F to 75°F).
• This temperature range allows for optimal metabolic activity, water uptake, and enzyme activation, facilitating seedling emergence and growth.

Explanation

• E. coli (Escherichia coli) is a type of bacterium.
• Specifically a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the gut of humans and other animals.

Explanation

• Cold-blooded vertebrates are animals that take on the temperature of their surroundings.
• They are also known as ectothermic vertebrates.
• Their body temperature is regulated by the environment around them, and they often bask in the sun or seek shade to control their body temperature.
• Examples: fish, amphibians, and reptiles.

Explanation

In 1969, Whittaker proposed a system of classification that divided all living organisms into five kingdoms:

1. Monera (bacteria and cyanobacteria)
2. Protista (protozoa, algae, and slime molds)
3. Fungi (mushrooms, molds, and yeasts)
4. Plantae (plants)
5. Animalia (animals)

Explanation

• Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition that affects infants and young children, typically under the age of 5.
• It is characterized by wasting of fat and muscle, stunted growth, and developmental delays.

Explanation

Copper is an essential mineral found in various foods, including:

• Whole wheat
• Bananas
• Peas
• Prunes
• Oysters
• Liver
• Kidney
• Grains (quinoa, brown rice)
• Legumes (lentils, chickpeas)

Copper is Crucial for:

• Formation of red blood cells.
• Helps with the functioning of the nervous system.

Note: According to Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro