Explanation

 The bones in the long axis of the body make up the axial skeleton 

The axial skeleton includes the bones that form the central axis of the body, like the skull, vertebral column, and ribs. 

Explanation

 Trial-and-error learning involves repeatedly trying different actions or strategies until one leads to a successful outcome.

Classical conditioning, on the other hand, is a type of learning that involves associating two stimuli, such as a neutral stimulus (like a bell) with a naturally occurring stimulus (like food).

The association leads the animal to respond to the neutral stimulus as if it were the natural stimulus.

This process doesn't require trial and error; the response is learned through repeated pairings of the stimuli. 

Explanation

Hay fever is an allergic reaction to pollen, causing symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.

It is also known as allergic rhinitis.

It is common during pollen season.

Explanation

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a molecule that stores energy in the form of phosphate bonds.

It is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell, as it can be easily converted into other forms of energy that are needed by the cell.

Explanation

Necrosis is a type of cell death caused by external factors such as injury, infection, toxins, or lack of blood supply.

It is a premature and uncontrolled death of cells, often resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.

Explanation

A community refers to all the different species living in a specific habitat or area, interacting with each other and their environment.

It includes plants, animals, microorganisms, and even fungi.

While A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is

called a population.

Explanation

During alcoholic fermentation, yeast converts sugars in the dough into carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and ethanol (ethyl alcohol).

The CO2 produced gets trapped in the dough, causing it to expand and rise.

This process is responsible for the light and airy texture of bread.

Explanation

The tricep brachii is a large muscle in the back of the upper arm, responsible for extending (straightening) the elbow joint.

It has three heads (hence the name "tricep"), which originate from the scapula and humerus bones.

Explanation

The secondary cell wall, found in plant cells, is primarily composed of:

• Cellulose (a polysaccharide, the main component of plant cell walls)
• Lignin (a complex organic compound that provides strength and rigidity)

Explanation

Yellow cytoplasm in Ascidian cells gives rise to muscle cells. 

In ascidians, a type of marine invertebrate, the yellow cytoplasm is a distinct region of the fertilized egg that contains specific molecules responsible for muscle development.

Cells that inherit this yellow cytoplasm during cell division will differentiate into muscle cells.

This is why the correct answer is c. Muscle cell.