Explanation

The critical velocity (vc) is the minimum velocity an object must have to orbit the Earth without falling to the ground.

It is given by the formula:

vc = √(gR)

where:

• g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²)
• R is the radius of the Earth (approximately 6,371 kilometers)

Explanation

A Bunsen burner is made more stable by increasing its base area, which lowers its center of gravity and makes it less likely to tip over.

This is a common design principle in engineering, where a wider base provides greater stability.

Explanation

To calculate the molarity, we need to calculate the number of moles of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved in 500 cm³ (or 0.5 L) of solution.

Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

Number of moles = mass / molar mass = 40 g / 58.44 g/mol ≈ 0.684 mol

Molarity = number of moles / volume (in liters) = 0.684 mol / 0.5 L ≈ 1.368 M

Rounded to one decimal place, this is approximately 1.4M.

Explanation

• Plasma is a state of matter where atoms or molecules are ionized, meaning they have lost or gained electrons, resulting in a collection of charged particles.
• Plasma is often referred to as the fourth state of matter.
• It is the lightest form of matter, as the particles are highly energetic and widely spaced.

Explanation

• Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapor of a liquid in equilibrium with its solid or liquid phase.
• As temperature increases, the molecules of a liquid gain kinetic energy and move more rapidly.
• Increasing the number of molecules that escape into the vapor phase, thereby increasing the vapor pressure.

Explanation

• The nucleon number (mass number) of Potassium is 39, and the atomic number (number of protons) is 19.
• To find the number of neutrons, subtract the number of protons from the nucleon number:
• 39 (nucleon number) - 19 (proton number) = 20
• So, the number of neutrons in Potassium-39 is 20.

Explanation

• The period of rapid growth and development is called adolescence.
• This stage typically involves significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes as individuals transition from childhood to adulthood.

Explanation

• Organic solvents are not a typical factor that affects enzyme activity.
• In fact, many enzymes are denatured or inactivated in the presence of organic solvents.
• As they can disrupt the enzyme's native structure and function.

Explanation

• In Anaphase-II of meiosis, the centromeres shorten and the paired chromatids (sister chromatids) are pulled away from one another, moving to opposite poles of the cell.
• This is the stage where the genetic material is finally separated, and each pole receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Explanation

Microorganisms that cause disease are collectively called pathogens.