Explanation

The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

The presence of their own DNA and similarities with certain bacteria strongly support this hypothesis.

Explanation

• Phosphorus-32 is used to identify the efficiency rates of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
• It is a radioactive isotope that helps track the uptake and utilization of phosphorus by plants.

Explanation

The body wall of sponges is composed of two main layers: the pinacoderm and the choanoderm.

The pinacoderm is the outermost layer, made up of flat cells called pinacocytes, which cover the external surface of the sponge.

Explanation

Potassium ions play a crucial role in the conduction of nerve impulses.

They help in the repolarization phase of the action potential,

Allowing the nerve cell to reset its membrane potential after the transmission of an impulse

Explanation

• The hottest stars appear blue in color.
• Blue stars are very hot, with surface temperatures reaching tens of thousands of degrees Celsius.
• It emitting predominantly blue and ultraviolet light.

Explanation

Apples have a low glycemic index (GI) and are rich in fiber.

It helps regulate blood sugar levels.

They are a healthier fruit option for diabetics compared to high-sugar fruits like bananas or mangoes.

Explanation

Divergent evolution occurs when two or more species evolve from a common ancestor and adapt to different ecological niches, leading to increased differences between them over time.

Explanation

Acetic acid is the main component of vinegar.

It is a liquid made by fermenting the natural sugars found in fruits, grains, and other food sources.

Vinegar is typically made from apples, grapes, or other fruits, and it contains approximately 4-6% acetic acid by volume.

Explanation

• An acid is a substance that donates a proton (H+ ion) in a reaction, increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution.
• Examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and acetic acid (CH3COOH).

Explanation

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the primary molecule that encodes genetic information in cells.

It is a long, double-stranded helix made up of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of genetic information.