Explanation

A hygrometer is an instrument used to measure relative humidity.

Humidity is the measure of the amount of moisture in the air.

A psychrometer is an example of a hygrometer.

Explanation

The structural plates that make up the crust are constantly moving. As the edges of these plates slide against each other in the fault zone, friction can slow down the plates and increase pressure over a long period. When the driving force finally overcomes the friction, a part of the crust suddenly breaks or shifts, releasing the pressure accumulated in the form of a seismic wave. This is a naturally occurring earthquake, sometimes called a crustal movement earthquake.

Explanation

Soil pollution is primarily caused by acid rain.

Acid rain contains pollutants like sulfuric and nitric acids, which can degrade soil quality by altering its pH and harming plant life.

Explanation

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are mainly responsible for man-made chemical ozone depletion.

ozone is made up of O3

اوزون فضا میں آکسیجن کی تہہ

اوزون ہمیں سورج کی نقصان دہ الٹرا وائلنٹ شعاعوں سے بچاتا ہے۔

اوزون فارمولا: O3

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ND31-12-2022

Explanation

Radiation is very slow on cloudy nights, resulting in less condensation on cloudy nights. 

 On cloudy nights, the clouds are thick  and trap  heat and water vapor in the clouds, resulting in very slow radiation. 

 This all shows why  dew levels drop on cloudy nights.

Explanation

there are different types of wind

1. when there is no wind we say it is calm.
2. a little wind is called a breeze.
3. A strong wind is called Gale
4. Hurricane is a very strong wind

Explanation

The stratosphere prevents UV rays from coming surface of the Earth

90% of the ozone in the atmosphere is occupied by the Stratosphere.

Ozone molecules are constantly formed and destroyed in the stratosphere

Additional Information

Ozone is a molecule that contains three oxygen atoms

The atmosphere can be divided into five layers:

1. Troposphere (all weather occurs within this layer)
2. Stratosphere (ozone layer absorbs UV rays)
3. Mesosphere (coldest layer of the atmosphere)
4. Thermosphere (radiowaves transmitted from the Earth and reflected by this layer)
5. Exosphere (molecules and atoms escape)

Explanation

Lead is the metal that pollutes the air of big cities.

Due to the usage of lead petroleum,

when a lead is emitted, it causes damage to air and is a major pollutant.

Explanation

The Earth's South Magnetic Pole is geographically north, and the Earth's magnetic North Pole is geographically south, so free-moving magnets are always north-south.

Explanation

How is the Rainbow formed? 5 marks

Rainbow:

"A rainbow is a meteorological and optical phenomenon that is caused by the reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets"

Color of Rianbow:

The colors of the rainbow are:

1. Red
2. orange
3. yellow
4. green
5. blue
6. indigo
7. and violet.

Rainbow formed:

• When sunlight hits a rain droplet, some of the light is reflected.
  
• The electromagnetic spectrum is made of light with many different wavelengths, and each is reflected at a different angle.
• Thus, the spectrum is separated, producing a rainbow.