Explanation

During infection, fungi typically penetrate plant tissues through Stomata

Fungi often enter plant tissues through natural openings like stomata, which are small pores on the surface of leaves. 

Explanation

Autumn leaves appear red and yellow because carotenoids are revealed.

This happens when chlorophyll breaks down in response to less sunlight.

Shown is a colour photograph of bright red and yellow flowers with green stems and leaves.

Explanation

Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf bulk material from their external environment by forming a vesicle around it.

This is a key mechanism for taking in large molecules or particles that cannot pass through the cell membrane by diffusion.

Explanation

According to the law of recurrence in developmental psychology,

The direction of human development generally follows a pattern from middle to outer.

This means that development typically starts from the central parts of the body and moves towards the extremities.

Explanation

Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance,

It is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring;

Either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.

Explanation

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the adrenal medulla and play a role in the fight-or-flight response,

Whereas the hypothalamus secretes dopamine and inhibits the release of certain anterior pituitary hormones.

Explanation

In the ABO blood group system, there are three alleles (IA, IB, and i) that determine the blood type.

These alleles interact to produce four possible blood types: A, B, AB, and O.

Multiple alleles refer to a situation where more than two alternative forms (alleles) of a gene are present in a population, as seen in the ABO blood group system.

Explanation

Systematics deals with the identification and ranking of all plants.

It includes classification and nomenclature (naming) and enables the botanist to comprehend the broad range of plant diversity and evolution.

Explanation

During an infection, neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) are one of the first responders to the site of infection.

They engulf and destroy pathogens like bacteria through a process called phagocytosis.

Explanation

The main difference between chordates and hemichordates is the presence of a notochord.

Chordates possess a notochord (a flexible rod-like structure that supports the body)